Facial Gender-Affirming Surgery: Upper and Middle Face Feminization.

Clinics in plastic surgery 2025 Vol.52(4) p. 435-452

Azizi A, Sun A, Cheng LH, Hassan B, Liang F

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Abstract

In this article, we review the anatomic considerations, surgical techniques, and outcomes of facial feminization surgery for the upper and middle thirds of the face. We explore key procedures, including modifications to the hairline, forehead, midface, and nose, which help create a more harmonious and feminine appearance while addressing gender dysphoria. We also delve into ancillary techniques such as hairline redefinition and blepharoplasty. Throughout, we emphasize the importance of tailoring each procedure to the individual's anatomy and goals, using tools like virtual surgical planning and 3-dimensional photography to enhance precision.

추출된 의학 개체 (NER)

유형영어 표현한국어 / 풀이UMLS CUI출처등장
시술 blepharoplasty 안검성형술 dict 1
해부 hairline scispacy 1
합병증 hairline scispacy 1
합병증 forehead scispacy 1
약물 feminine scispacy 1
질환 forehead, midface, and nose scispacy 1

MeSH Terms

Humans; Gender-Affirming Surgery; Face; Female; Gender Dysphoria; Male; Rhytidoplasty

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