Molecular mechanisms and therapies of immune checkpoint inhibitor associated myocarditis: Update on recent developments.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) enhance systemic antitumor immune responses by improving the ability of immune cells to recognize and kill tumor cells specifically.
APA
Li J, Chen L, et al. (2025). Molecular mechanisms and therapies of immune checkpoint inhibitor associated myocarditis: Update on recent developments.. Seminars in cancer biology, 116, 108-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2025.09.006
MLA
Li J, et al.. "Molecular mechanisms and therapies of immune checkpoint inhibitor associated myocarditis: Update on recent developments.." Seminars in cancer biology, vol. 116, 2025, pp. 108-120.
PMID
40998098
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) enhance systemic antitumor immune responses by improving the ability of immune cells to recognize and kill tumor cells specifically. Activated T lymphocytes may target tissues and organs outside the tumor, leading to different degrees of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis (ICIAM) is a rare irAE, with an incidence of approximately 0.04-1.7 %. However, it is the most fatal irAE and often becomes a critical cause of short-term mortality in patients. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of ICIAM involve immune damage mediated by T-cell and macrophage infiltration, the common antigen theory, and pro-inflammatory responses driven by inflammatory factors and signaling pathways. However, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of ICIAM can aid in identifying biomarkers and treatment targets for irAEs, ultimately improving the survival status of patients with cancer.
MeSH Terms
Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Myocarditis; Neoplasms; Animals
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