Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related thrombocytopenia: Current status and future perspectives.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved significant success in cancer treatment, yet their associated adverse effects, particularly ICI-related thrombocytopenia (irTCP), are gaining increasing attention. IrTCP leads to serious complications, which affect treatment outcomes and quality of life. Clinical manifestations of irTCP may vary from mild to severe, necessitating careful monitoring during ICIs therapy. To date, several immune-mediated mechanisms, including the destruction of platelets and bone marrow suppression, have been revealed to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of irTCP. Despite advancements in understanding these mechanisms, challenges remain in the timely diagnosis and effective management of irTCP. In this review, we synthesize the latest findings in the field and elucidate the mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of irTCP, aiming to provide insights for clinical practice and future research directions.