Adjuvant immunotherapy in high-risk renal cell carcinoma: Indications, limitations, and perspectives. A consensus statement from the GIOTTO uro-oncology group.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often diagnosed at a localized stage and treated with surgery. However, up to 40 % of patients may experience recurrence despite complete resection. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly pembrolizumab, has changed the adjuvant treatment landscape. The Tuscan Interdisciplinary Uro-Oncological Group (GIOTTO) provides practical guidance on patient selection and clinical use of adjuvant pembrolizumab in RCC.