Single-cell analysis indicating CCR8 modulates CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells to attenuates rejection in transplantation.

Immune rejection poses a major challenge in organ transplantation, with tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells playing a critical role in graft rejection. This study investigated the impact of CCR8 on TRM cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. The results show that CCR8 expression was upregulated on CD8⁺ TRM cells after transplantation, peaking on day 7. Blocking or knocking out CCR8, as well as neutralizing CCL1 and CCL8, significantly reduced CD8⁺ TRM cell accumulation in the graft and their cytokine production. These treatments prolonged graft survival, alleviated rejection severity, and impaired the ability of CD8⁺ TRM cells to produce GZMB, IFN-γ, and IL-2. Single-cell analysis of skin transplantation revealed that loss of CCR8 disrupted macrophage-T cell interactions, particularly CD8⁺ TRM-macrophage crosstalk, while enhancing CD40, PD-L1, and NRG signaling. These findings suggest that targeting CCR8 to limit the accumulation and function of CD8⁺ TRM cells may be an effective strategy to alleviate transplant rejection.