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Immune checkpoint inhibitors in urothelial carcinoma: a practical framework for patient selection, toxicity management, response assessment, and treatment sequencing.

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Expert review of anticancer therapy 📖 저널 OA 1.1% 2021: 0/1 OA 2022: 0/3 OA 2023: 0/2 OA 2024: 0/1 OA 2025: 0/28 OA 2026: 1/58 OA 2021~2026 2026 p. 1-15
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Al Armashi AR, Gong J, Barata P, Brown J, Garcia J, Sheng I

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[INTRODUCTION] Managing urothelial carcinoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors requires addressing issues beyond clinical outcomes.

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APA Al Armashi AR, Gong J, et al. (2026). Immune checkpoint inhibitors in urothelial carcinoma: a practical framework for patient selection, toxicity management, response assessment, and treatment sequencing.. Expert review of anticancer therapy, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737140.2026.2628071
MLA Al Armashi AR, et al.. "Immune checkpoint inhibitors in urothelial carcinoma: a practical framework for patient selection, toxicity management, response assessment, and treatment sequencing.." Expert review of anticancer therapy, 2026, pp. 1-15.
PMID 41660943 ↗

Abstract

[INTRODUCTION] Managing urothelial carcinoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors requires addressing issues beyond clinical outcomes. Implementation difficulties affect most patients, predictive biomarkers show limited utility, and treatment discontinuation from toxicity remains problematic.

[AREAS COVERED] This article integrates clinical trials, systematic reviews, health-system evaluations, and guidelines from 2016 to 2025. We detail limitations of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, panel-based tumor mutational burden (TMB), clinic-ready toxicity pathways, immune-appropriate response criteria (iRECIST), pseudoprogression, hyperprogression, post-ICI sequencing (FGFR3 alterations, enfortumab vedotin-based therapy, chemotherapy, trials), and delivery models (navigation, electronic patient-reported outcomes, telemedicine, payment structures).

[EXPERT OPINION] Optimizing systemic frameworks for immunotherapy care requires careful evaluation of functional status, protocols for immune-related adverse events management, standardization for assessments of clinical responses, and ensuring equitable access to care. ctDNA and AI-assisted radiomics are promising adjuncts to clinical care, but still require multi-center prospective validation before adoption into routine practice.

🏷️ 키워드 / MeSH 📖 같은 키워드 OA만

🏷️ 같은 키워드 · 무료전문 — 이 논문 MeSH/keyword 기반