Expression and clinical significance of histamine receptors in pediatric AML.

[BACKGROUND] This study investigates the expression and clinical significance of the histamine receptor family (HRs) in the bone marrow of children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

[METHODS] RNA sequencing was performed to assess the expression levels of HR family members (HRH1, HRH2, HRH3, and HRH4) in the bone marrow of 140 pediatric AML patients prior to chemotherapy. We compared the expression levels across various risk categories and assessed their relationship with prognosis using ROC curve analysis to evaluate predictive capabilities for outcomes.

[RESULTS] Among the 140 AML patients in our center, those with different FAB subtypes showed varying overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS). Specifically, the M2 and M4 subtypes showed better OS, EFS, and RFS, whereas the M5 subtype had poorer outcomes. Among patients with different fusion genes, those with AML1/ETO had superior OS, EFS, and RFS compared to other subtypes. Additionally, patients with CEBPA mutations demonstrated relatively favorable outcomes, whereas those with FLT3 mutations had poorer survival metrics. HRH1 expression was significantly higher in AML patients than in normal controls ( < 0.05). Patients in the high HRH1 expression group had significantly better EFS and RFS than those in the low expression group (< 0.05). Furthermore, HRH1 expression was significantly higher in the low-risk (LR) group than in the intermediate and high-risk (IR & HR) groups ( < 0.05). This finding suggests that HRH1 may serve as an early predictor of risk, EFS, and RFS.

[CONCLUSION] The clinical significance of HR family members varies in pediatric AML, with HRH1 identified as a valuable predictor of relapse in children with AML.