Robot-Assisted Surgical Technology in Plastic Surgery: Evolution, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives.

[BACKGROUND] Robot-assisted surgery has shown broad applications in plastic surgery. It offers enhanced precision and stability compared with conventional techniques. This review summarizes the technological evolution, clinical applications, and future perspectives of robotic systems in this field.

[METHODS] A comprehensive literature was conducted to identify studies focusing on robot-assisted surgical procedures in plastic surgery. The development of several representative robotic systems was reviewed alongside their clinical use in breast reconstruction, microsurgery, craniofacial reconstruction, and hair transplantation.

[RESULTS] Robot-assisted surgery has significantly improved surgical accuracy, reduced complication rates, and enhanced postoperative recovery in plastic surgery. However, limitations such as high costs, technical complexity, and the absence of haptic feedback remain major challenges. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and haptic sensing my help reduce system complexity, enhance sensory interaction, and improve the efficiency and accessibility of robotic-assisted surgery.

[CONCLUSIONS] Robot-assisted surgery is advancing plastic and reconstructive surgery through improved precision and visualization. Integration of AI, AR, and haptic feedback technologies may further enhance its safety, efficiency, and clinical application.

[LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V] This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .