T Lymphocyte Reconstitution in Acute Leukemia Patients After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single Center Experience (2016-2023).

[INTRODUCTION] Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukemia. However, the success of allo-SCT is influenced by the patients' immunocompromised condition post-transplantation, particularly complications arising from infections due to prolonged immunodeficiency. This study aims to analyze the recovery of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of patients with AML after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

[METHODS] A retrospective study of 66 AML patients who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation at the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion from 2016 to 2023. The patients were monitored for immune indexes, including CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, on a monthly basis for 12 months after transplantation.

[RESULTS] The median recovery time for CD4+ lymphocytes to reach 200 cells/μl was 84.5 ± 11.2 days, and the median time for them to reach 500 cells/μL was 8.6 months. CD8+ cells recovered faster than CD4+ cells, with a median time to reach 400 cells/μL of 64 days.

[CONCLUSION] Careful monitoring of immune indicators after allo-HSCT, as demonstrated in this study, can significantly enhance prognosis and inform strategies to prevent infectious complications, particularly in patients experiencing prolonged cellular immunodeficiency. When applied, this approach could improve transplant success and reduce mortality rates, offering a deeper insight into care within hematology and transplantation.