Fluorescent properties of FDA-approved anti-leukemia drugs.

The inherent fluorescent properties of anti-leukemic drugs offer unique advantages for real-time therapeutic tracking and optimization. In this study, we systematically screened the absorption and emission spectra of 82 leukemia-related compounds, identifying 28 autofluorescent drugs suitable for fluorescence-based optical concentration monitoring. Excitation and emission parameters were evaluated across various solvents (DMSO, fetal bovine serum, and culture media), revealing solvent-dependent spectral changes, intensity variations, and effect on detection limits. These 28 compounds were further assessed for cytotoxicity screening in case of drug-naive and drug-resistant K562 leukemia lymphoblast cells. By correlating their spectral properties with cytotoxic responses, our study establishes a robust framework for fluorescence-assisted drug profiling, enabling pharmacokinetic insights, resistance prediction, and informed therapeutic adjustments. These findings underscore the translational potential of fluorescence-based methodologies in supporting precision medicine for leukemia treatment.