Antiproliferative and Pro-apoptotic Effects of Sesquiterpene Lactones from in THP‑1 Leukemia Cells.

As is a food supplement commonly available on the European market, the aqueous-methanol extract from the aerial parts of was subjected to chromatographic separation to isolate compounds with antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties. This procedure led to the isolation of two previously undescribed sesquiterpene lactones ( and ) bearing an unusually modified germacranolide skeleton, four known heliangolides (-), together with flavonoids hispidulin and pectolinarigenin. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by a comprehensive analysis of HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR data. Sesquiterpene lactones (-) were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities in the THP-1, DU-145, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Compounds - showed an antiproliferative effect with the highest intensity in the THP-1 leukemic cell line. The most effective compound , 2″-dehydroeucannabinolide semiacetal, induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial superoxide production, and suppressed mitochondrial ATP production in THP-1 cells.