Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors and Outcome of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Multinational Case-Control Study.
환자-대조
1/5 보강
PICO 자동 추출 (휴리스틱, conf 2/4)
유사 논문P · Population 대상 환자/모집단
25 cases of NTM disease.
I · Intervention 중재 / 시술
immunosuppressive therapy
C · Comparison 대조 / 비교
추출되지 않음
O · Outcome 결과 / 결론
추출되지 않음
[BACKGROUND] The clinical and microbiological features of infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remain poorly understood.
- 95% CI 1.16-7.17
- 연구 설계 case-control
APA
Fernández-Ruiz M, Silva JT, et al. (2026). Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors and Outcome of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Multinational Case-Control Study.. Open forum infectious diseases, 13(2), ofag082. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofag082
MLA
Fernández-Ruiz M, et al.. "Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors and Outcome of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Multinational Case-Control Study.." Open forum infectious diseases, vol. 13, no. 2, 2026, pp. ofag082.
PMID
41756204
Abstract
[BACKGROUND] The clinical and microbiological features of infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remain poorly understood.
[METHODS] We performed a retrospective, multinational case-control study that included HSCT recipients (≥12 years) diagnosed with NTM disease between January 2008 and December 2018. Controls were HSCT recipients with no evidence of NTM disease, matched (1:2 ratio) by participating center and post-transplant survival. Logistic regression on matched pairs was used to investigate risk factors for NTM disease.
[RESULTS] We included 25 cases of NTM disease. The most common HSCT type was allogeneic from unrelated donor (72.0%) after myeloablative conditioning (76.0%). Predominant hematological conditions were acute myelogenous leukemia (28.0%) and myelodysplastic syndrome (24.0%). Most patients (88.0%) had previously received immunosuppressive therapy. The most common species identified were complex (64.0%) and rapidly growing mycobacteria (20.0%). Most patients (68.0%) had pulmonary disease. All but one received antimycobacterial therapy for a median of 267.5 days. Macrolides (83.3%), rifamycins (58.3%) and ethambutol (62.5%) were the most commonly used drugs. Four patients (16.7%) developed adverse events requiring therapy discontinuation. All-cause and attributable mortality rates were 28.0% and 4.0%, respectively. One patient experienced relapse after 464 days. Diagnosis of a non-NTM infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.25-7.78) and corticosteroid therapy (aOR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.16-7.17), both within the previous 90 days, were associated with NTM disease.
[CONCLUSIONS] NTM disease is a serious complication among heavily immunocompromised HSCT recipients associated with prior non-NTM infection and corticosteroid therapy.
[METHODS] We performed a retrospective, multinational case-control study that included HSCT recipients (≥12 years) diagnosed with NTM disease between January 2008 and December 2018. Controls were HSCT recipients with no evidence of NTM disease, matched (1:2 ratio) by participating center and post-transplant survival. Logistic regression on matched pairs was used to investigate risk factors for NTM disease.
[RESULTS] We included 25 cases of NTM disease. The most common HSCT type was allogeneic from unrelated donor (72.0%) after myeloablative conditioning (76.0%). Predominant hematological conditions were acute myelogenous leukemia (28.0%) and myelodysplastic syndrome (24.0%). Most patients (88.0%) had previously received immunosuppressive therapy. The most common species identified were complex (64.0%) and rapidly growing mycobacteria (20.0%). Most patients (68.0%) had pulmonary disease. All but one received antimycobacterial therapy for a median of 267.5 days. Macrolides (83.3%), rifamycins (58.3%) and ethambutol (62.5%) were the most commonly used drugs. Four patients (16.7%) developed adverse events requiring therapy discontinuation. All-cause and attributable mortality rates were 28.0% and 4.0%, respectively. One patient experienced relapse after 464 days. Diagnosis of a non-NTM infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.25-7.78) and corticosteroid therapy (aOR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.16-7.17), both within the previous 90 days, were associated with NTM disease.
[CONCLUSIONS] NTM disease is a serious complication among heavily immunocompromised HSCT recipients associated with prior non-NTM infection and corticosteroid therapy.