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Multimodal profiling of pancreatic cancer reveals a TIMP-1-dominated secretory profile determining pro-tumor immunoinstruction in human cancers.

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Cell reports. Medicine 📖 저널 OA 99.2% 2021: 1/1 OA 2024: 9/9 OA 2025: 45/46 OA 2026: 73/73 OA 2021~2026 2026 Vol.7(1) p. 102546 OA
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Frädrich J, Reyes CM, Hendel M, Brunner V, Toledo B, Manevski D

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The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) fosters cancer progression, yet overarching determinants of cancer-borne immunoinstruction remain ill-defined.

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APA Frädrich J, Reyes CM, et al. (2026). Multimodal profiling of pancreatic cancer reveals a TIMP-1-dominated secretory profile determining pro-tumor immunoinstruction in human cancers.. Cell reports. Medicine, 7(1), 102546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102546
MLA Frädrich J, et al.. "Multimodal profiling of pancreatic cancer reveals a TIMP-1-dominated secretory profile determining pro-tumor immunoinstruction in human cancers.." Cell reports. Medicine, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026, pp. 102546.
PMID 41564862 ↗

Abstract

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) fosters cancer progression, yet overarching determinants of cancer-borne immunoinstruction remain ill-defined. By multimodal integration of single-nucleus and bulk transcriptomics, proteomics, functional approaches, and clinical parameters, we discover a cancer-immunoinstructive secretory signature (CISS) across multiple human cancers-a set of inflammatory proteins correlated with poor prognosis and pro-tumorigenic TMEs. In pancreatic cancer (PC), CISS arises in pre-malignant epithelium, intensifies along transformation toward most malignant basal-like PC, and particularly correlates with suppressed natural killer (NK) cell activity. The CISS is quantitatively dominated by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, most prevalent in TIMP-1/CISS basal-like PC, and causal for PC-cell-mediated NK cell suppression, reflected by impaired cytotoxicity, interleukin-2 (IL-2) responses, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. In pre-clinical PC, TIMP-1/CISS proves targetable through combined inhibition of upstream kinases with clinically approved drugs trametinib and nintedanib. Collectively, CISS represents a ubiquitous signature of pro-tumor immunoinstruction with actionable diagnostic and therapeutic potential across human cancers.

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