Cytokine mRNA-based therapy alleviates dendritic cell and T cell paucity to eliminate aggressive pancreatic cancer in preclinical mouse models.
[BACKGROUND] Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with peritoneal dissemination is highly refractory to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, leading to poor prognosis.
- p-value P < 0.001
APA
Tanji Y, Shimada S, et al. (2026). Cytokine mRNA-based therapy alleviates dendritic cell and T cell paucity to eliminate aggressive pancreatic cancer in preclinical mouse models.. EBioMedicine, 125, 106137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106137
MLA
Tanji Y, et al.. "Cytokine mRNA-based therapy alleviates dendritic cell and T cell paucity to eliminate aggressive pancreatic cancer in preclinical mouse models.." EBioMedicine, vol. 125, 2026, pp. 106137.
PMID
41638924
Abstract
[BACKGROUND] Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with peritoneal dissemination is highly refractory to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, leading to poor prognosis. We aimed to develop an innovative therapeutic approach for advanced PDAC.
[METHODS] We performed comprehensive analyses of 498 bulk and 99 single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets. We established a syngeneic mouse model for subcutaneous and intraperitoneal metastatic tumours using mouse Kras; Trp53 PDAC cells. A multimodal immunotherapy with mRNA-induced cytokines (MIMIC), that is, oxaliplatin, anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, and intratumoural administration of mRNA therapeutics encoding interferon-α and interleukin-12, was evaluated in this preclinical model.
[FINDINGS] The aggressive PDAC subtype exhibited a paucity of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, causing an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. The syngeneic mouse model recapitulated this immunological phenotype with resistance to conventional systemic therapies. The MIMIC therapy not only significantly reduced the local tumour burden but also elicited a robust abscopal effect, suppressing distant peritoneal metastases and prolonging survival (P < 0.001). The omission of any single agent from the MIMIC regimen substantially abrogated the therapeutic efficacy. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the MIMIC treatment enhanced immunogenic cell death, increased peripheral CD44+ CD62L- effector memory T cells, induced intratumoural infiltration of CD11c+ DCs and CD8+ T cells, and expanded TCR repertoire diversity.
[INTERPRETATION] Combining cytokine mRNA immunotherapy with cytotoxic killing and immune checkpoint blockade can reactivate antitumour immunity, offering a promising strategy for treating advanced PDAC.
[FUNDING] This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), and the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund.
[METHODS] We performed comprehensive analyses of 498 bulk and 99 single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets. We established a syngeneic mouse model for subcutaneous and intraperitoneal metastatic tumours using mouse Kras; Trp53 PDAC cells. A multimodal immunotherapy with mRNA-induced cytokines (MIMIC), that is, oxaliplatin, anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, and intratumoural administration of mRNA therapeutics encoding interferon-α and interleukin-12, was evaluated in this preclinical model.
[FINDINGS] The aggressive PDAC subtype exhibited a paucity of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, causing an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. The syngeneic mouse model recapitulated this immunological phenotype with resistance to conventional systemic therapies. The MIMIC therapy not only significantly reduced the local tumour burden but also elicited a robust abscopal effect, suppressing distant peritoneal metastases and prolonging survival (P < 0.001). The omission of any single agent from the MIMIC regimen substantially abrogated the therapeutic efficacy. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the MIMIC treatment enhanced immunogenic cell death, increased peripheral CD44+ CD62L- effector memory T cells, induced intratumoural infiltration of CD11c+ DCs and CD8+ T cells, and expanded TCR repertoire diversity.
[INTERPRETATION] Combining cytokine mRNA immunotherapy with cytotoxic killing and immune checkpoint blockade can reactivate antitumour immunity, offering a promising strategy for treating advanced PDAC.
[FUNDING] This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), and the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund.
MeSH Terms
Animals; Dendritic Cells; Mice; Disease Models, Animal; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Cytokines; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; T-Lymphocytes; RNA, Messenger; Immunotherapy; Tumor Microenvironment; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal