Chinese Expert Consensus on Preventing and Managing Chyle Fistula in Cervical Lymph Node Dissection for Thyroid Cancer (2024).

[BACKGROUND] The prevalence of thyroid carcinoma is on the rise, with cervical lymph node metastasis being a frequent occurrence necessitating surgical intervention. Chyle fistula, a significant postoperative complication, can have a substantial impact on recovery.

[OBJECTIVE] To reduce the incidence of chyle fistula, enhance the effectiveness of postoperative treatment, and assist thyroid surgeons in performing cervical lymph node dissection, the consensus was compiled in a standardized and secure manner.

[METHODS] Drawing from the expertise of Chinese specialists in managing chyle fistula and the latest international advancements in this field following cervical lymph node dissection, the thyroid tumor experts group of Chinese Thyroid Association, Chinese College of Surgeons, Chinese Medical Doctor Association and Thyroid Disease Professional Committee of Chinese Research Association have developed innovative approaches to address this issue. An evidence-based approach was employed, integrating the knowledge and practical experience of the panelists.

[RESULTS] We developed twelve expert consensus recommendations, addressing the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of postoperative chyle fistula. These recommendations included the dietary management and nutritional support, continuous negative pressure suction, local adhesive treatment, application of local compression methods, the use of somatostatin and its analogs, and surgery treatment.

[CONCLUSION] This evidence-based consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the management of chyle fistula.