Zn single-atom sites/Ru nanoclusters synergistically inducing reactive oxygen species storm for ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of biomarker PSA.

Improving the sensitivity of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems is crucial for bio-marker detection and prostate cancer diagnosis, as early-stage prostate cancer exhibits low biomarkers levels. In this work, satellite Zn single-atom sites/Ru nanoclusters anchored on N-rich porous carbon (Zn SAs/Ru NCs) was synthesized by high-temperature pyrolysis under N atmosphere. The Zn SAs/Ru NCs synergistically induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) storm andboosted luminol signals in the absence of HO, eliminating the effect of unstable HO. Subsequently, an ultrasensitive ECL biosensor was constructed for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) through specific immuno-recognition. The ECL biosensor exhibited a wide linear range from 0.1 pg·mL to 1000 ng·mL and a low detection limit of 1.072 fg·mL, enabling stable and ultra-sensitive PSA detection. Furthermore, the biosensor was applied to real serum samples, demonstrating its feasibility for clinical assays. This work provided a promising tool for early diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of prostate cancer.