Oncological aspects of immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy for malignancy.

One hundred eighteen women treated with mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction for carcinoma were evaluated for recurrence of disease and survival. Fourteen women (12%) suffered relapse of their cancer and 10 patients (9%) died of their disease during a median follow-up of 2.3 years. All seven local recurrences (6%) were detected at an early stage and treated without removal of the prosthesis. Recurrence of disease occurred more frequently in patients with involved axillary lymph nodes and larger tumors. Patient survival was adversely affected by nodal metastasis and the absence of tumor estrogen receptors. Adverse outcome in this series correlated to known prognostic factors for breast cancer. Disease-free and overall survivals were comparable with our previous experience with mastectomy alone for breast carcinoma. In the absence of any apparent negative impact on patient outcome, and because of the well-documented positive psychosocial benefit of immediate reconstruction, this procedure should be routinely offered to women with operable breast cancer.