High-resolution deep learning-reconstructed T2-weighted imaging for the improvement of image quality and extraprostatic extension assessment in prostate MRI.

[PURPOSE] This study evaluates the impact of high-resolution T2-weighted imaging (T2) combined with deep learning image reconstruction (DLR) on image quality, lesion delineation, and extraprostatic extension (EPE) assessment in prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI).

[MATERIALS AND METHODS] This retrospective study included 69 patients who underwent mpMRI of the prostate on a 3 T scanner with DLR between April 2023 and March 2024. Routine mpMRI protocols adhering to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1 were used, including an additional T2 sequence [2 mm slice thickness, 4:31 min vs. 4:12 min for standard T2 (T2)]. The image datasets were evaluated by two radiologists using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best for sharpness, lesion contours, motion artifacts, prostate border delineation, overall image quality, and diagnostic confidence. PI-RADS scoring and EPE suspicion were analyzed. The statistical methods used included the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Cohen's kappa for inter-reader agreement.

[RESULTS] T2 significantly improved lesion contours (medians of 5 vs. 4,  < 0.001), prostate border delineation (medians of 5 vs. 4,  < 0.001), and overall image quality (medians of 5 vs. 4,  < 0.001) compared to T2. However, motion artifacts were significantly worse in T2. Substantial inter-reader agreement was observed in the PI-RADS scoring. EPE detection marginally increased with T2, though histopathological validation was limited.

[CONCLUSION] T2 imaging with DLR enhances image quality, lesion delineation, and diagnostic confidence without significantly prolonged acquisition time. It shows potential for improving EPE assessment in prostate cancer but requires further validation in larger studies.