A Multi-Omics Dataset of Prostate Cancer Response to Oncolytic Virus OH2 Treatment.

Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the male genitourinary system, especially metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which currently lacks effective treatment methods. Immunotherapy has limited efficacy in prostate cancer, partly due to its immunosuppressive "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME). Oncolytic virus therapy, such as OH2 modified based on herpes simplex virus type 2, provides a new strategy for reshaping TME and enhancing immune activation. However, the complex regulatory mechanism of oncolytic viruses on TME has not been fully elucidated. This study used multi omics integrated analysis (transcriptomics, metabolomics, and single-cell RNA sequencing) to investigate the effect of OH2 intervention on prostate cancer TME. We systematically analyzed the gene expression changes, metabolic reprogramming, and immune cell dynamics after OH2 treatment using in vitro cell models and RM-1 mouse subcutaneous transplant tumor models. The dataset includes gene expression profiles, metabolic profiles, and single-cell transcriptomes, providing a resource for investigating OH2-induced changes in the prostate cancer TME.