The Influence of Music on Perceived Pain and Levels of Anxiety While Undergoing Transperineal Prostate Biopsy: The VIVALDI Trial.
OpenAlex 토픽 ·
Music Therapy and Health
Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
Empathy and Medical Education
[BACKGROUND] Music has been shown to reduce pain and anxiety during invasive procedures such as transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, but its role during transperineal prostate biopsy (TPBx)
- p-value p=0.03
- 연구 설계 randomized controlled trial
APA
Ludovico Maria Basadonna, Federica Passarelli, et al. (2026). The Influence of Music on Perceived Pain and Levels of Anxiety While Undergoing Transperineal Prostate Biopsy: The VIVALDI Trial.. European urology open science, 87, 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euros.2026.03.017
MLA
Ludovico Maria Basadonna, et al.. "The Influence of Music on Perceived Pain and Levels of Anxiety While Undergoing Transperineal Prostate Biopsy: The VIVALDI Trial.." European urology open science, vol. 87, 2026, pp. 107-114.
PMID
42028125
Abstract
[BACKGROUND] Music has been shown to reduce pain and anxiety during invasive procedures such as transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, but its role during transperineal prostate biopsy (TPBx) has not yet been investigated.
[OBJECTIVE] To evaluate the effect of music listening on pain perception, anxiety, and patient satisfaction in men undergoing TPBx in an outpatient setting.
[DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS] This was a prospective, monocentric, randomized controlled trial including 103 men with suspected prostate cancer enrolled between March and October 2025. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either a music intervention group (+MUSIC, = 52) or a control group (-MUSIC, = 51). Baseline clinical, radiological, and demographic characteristics were collected.
[INTERVENTION] Patients in the +MUSIC group listened continuously to self-selected music during TPBx, while the control group underwent the same standardized procedure without music.
[OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS] Pain was assessed at predefined procedural time points using a visual analog scale (VAS). Distress was measured pre- and post-procedure using the NCCN Distress Thermometer. Secondary outcomes included satisfaction with pain management, willingness to repeat biopsy, anesthetic requirements, and physiological parameters. Between-group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher's exact test. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify independent predictors of pain and satisfaction.
[RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS] Median age was 69 years, and 44% of patients had a Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥1. The +MUSIC group showed significantly lower postprocedural distress (median 1 vs. 2, = 0.01). Pain scores were significantly lower in the +MUSIC group during local anesthesia (3 vs. 4.5, < 0.01), periprostatic anesthesia (3 vs. 5, < 0.01), first biopsy core (3 vs. 5, = 0.01), and last biopsy core (3 vs. 5, = 0.02), with no difference in post-micturition pain. The +MUSIC group required less additional sedation (37% vs. 57%, p=0.03) and lower anesthetic doses ( = 0.02). Satisfaction with pain management (5 vs. 3.5, < 0.001) and willingness to repeat biopsy (4 vs. 3, < 0.01) were significantly higher in the +MUSIC group. On multivariable analysis, music remained independently associated with reduced pain and increased satisfaction ( ≤ 0.03). Limitations include the single-center design and relatively small sample size.
[CONCLUSIONS] Music listening during TPBx is a safe, simple, and effective non-pharmacological intervention that significantly reduces pain and anxiety while improving patient satisfaction and procedural experience.
[OBJECTIVE] To evaluate the effect of music listening on pain perception, anxiety, and patient satisfaction in men undergoing TPBx in an outpatient setting.
[DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS] This was a prospective, monocentric, randomized controlled trial including 103 men with suspected prostate cancer enrolled between March and October 2025. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either a music intervention group (+MUSIC, = 52) or a control group (-MUSIC, = 51). Baseline clinical, radiological, and demographic characteristics were collected.
[INTERVENTION] Patients in the +MUSIC group listened continuously to self-selected music during TPBx, while the control group underwent the same standardized procedure without music.
[OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS] Pain was assessed at predefined procedural time points using a visual analog scale (VAS). Distress was measured pre- and post-procedure using the NCCN Distress Thermometer. Secondary outcomes included satisfaction with pain management, willingness to repeat biopsy, anesthetic requirements, and physiological parameters. Between-group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher's exact test. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify independent predictors of pain and satisfaction.
[RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS] Median age was 69 years, and 44% of patients had a Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥1. The +MUSIC group showed significantly lower postprocedural distress (median 1 vs. 2, = 0.01). Pain scores were significantly lower in the +MUSIC group during local anesthesia (3 vs. 4.5, < 0.01), periprostatic anesthesia (3 vs. 5, < 0.01), first biopsy core (3 vs. 5, = 0.01), and last biopsy core (3 vs. 5, = 0.02), with no difference in post-micturition pain. The +MUSIC group required less additional sedation (37% vs. 57%, p=0.03) and lower anesthetic doses ( = 0.02). Satisfaction with pain management (5 vs. 3.5, < 0.001) and willingness to repeat biopsy (4 vs. 3, < 0.01) were significantly higher in the +MUSIC group. On multivariable analysis, music remained independently associated with reduced pain and increased satisfaction ( ≤ 0.03). Limitations include the single-center design and relatively small sample size.
[CONCLUSIONS] Music listening during TPBx is a safe, simple, and effective non-pharmacological intervention that significantly reduces pain and anxiety while improving patient satisfaction and procedural experience.