Nursing management of the elderly surgical patient.

Older patients and their physicians are likely to choose surgery, when indicated, despite old age. To facilitate recovery, functional assessment provides data to plan immediate and long-term needs. Functional assessment includes physical, social, and environmental data. It also helps define "normal" functioning after surgery. Cognitive assessment is especially important and can be obtained during the initial interview of the patient. Cognitive assessment tools may be indicated if data are unclear. Postoperative complications occur in all body systems and include: MI, CHF dysrhythmias, pneumonia, atelectasis, hyponatremia, renal failure, confusion, deconditioning, skin tears, incontinence, and constipation. Referral may be needed before dismissal for significant changes in functional ability.