Conversational AI-Enabled Precision Oncology Reveals Context-Dependent MAPK Pathway Alterations in Hispanic/Latino and Non-Hispanic White Colorectal Cancer Stratified by Age and FOLFOX Exposure.

[BACKGROUND] Colorectal cancer (CRC) demonstrates substantial clinical and biological diversity across age groups, ancestral backgrounds, and treatment settings, alongside a rising incidence of early-onset disease (EOCRC). The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a major driver of CRC development and therapy response; however, the distribution and prognostic value of MAPK alterations across distinct patient subgroups remain unclear.

[METHODS] We analyzed 2515 CRC tumors with harmonized demographic, clinical, genomic, and treatment metadata. Patients were stratified by ancestry (Hispanic/Latino [H/L] vs. non-Hispanic White [NHW]), age at diagnosis (early-onset [EO] vs. late-onset [LO]), and FOLFOX chemotherapy exposure. MAPK pathway alterations were identified using a curated gene set encompassing canonical EGFR-RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling components and regulatory nodes. Conversational artificial intelligence (AI-HOPE and AI-HOPE-MAPK) enabled natural language-driven cohort construction and exploratory analytics; findings were validated using Fisher's exact testing, chi-square analyses, and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates.

[RESULTS] MAPK pathway disruption demonstrated marked heterogeneity across ancestry and treatment contexts. Among EO H/L patients, mutations were significantly enriched in tumors not receiving FOLFOX, whereas alterations were more frequent in FOLFOX-treated EO H/L tumors relative to EO NHW counterparts. In late-onset H/L disease, and mutations were more common in non-FOLFOX tumors. Distinct MAPK-associated alterations were also observed among NHW patients, particularly in non-FOLFOX settings, including and . Survival analyses provided borderline evidence that MAPK alterations may be linked to improved overall survival in treated EO NHW patients. Conversational AI markedly accelerated analytic throughput and multi-parameter discovery.

[CONCLUSIONS] Although MAPK alterations are pervasive in CRC, their distribution varies meaningfully by ancestry, age, and treatment exposure. These findings highlight , and as potential biomarkers in EOCRC and H/L patients, supporting the need for ancestry-aware precision oncology approaches.