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LONG-TERM EFFICACY OF SPASTICITY-CORRECTIVE SURGERY AND BOTULINUM TOXIN INJECTIONS FOR UPPER LIMB SPASTICITY TREATMENT.
[OBJECTIVE] To evaluate the long-term efficacy of spasticity-corrective surgery and botulinum toxin treatment in patients with upper limb spasticity. [DESIGN] Pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. [PATIENTS] Thirty-four patients with…
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Botulinum toxin treatment of spasticity targeted to muscle endplates: an international, randomised, evaluator-blinded study comparing two different botulinum toxin injection strategies for the treatment of upper limb spasticity.
[OBJECTIVES] The therapeutic effects of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) are well documented in upper limb spasticity. However, several factors may influence treatment efficacy, including targeting of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). We examined …