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Topography of the Corrugator Supercilii Muscle Relative to the Eyebrow and Its Clinical Application in Botulinum Toxin Injections.
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the topography of the corrugator supercilii muscle (CSM) relative to the eyebrow with the aim of providing topographical guidance for botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections in the East Asian pop…
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Anatomical consideration for botulinum toxin injection of the frontalis muscle based on analysis of intramuscular innervation.
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve, and its temporal branch (TBFN) innervates the frontalis muscle. Peripheral nerve disorders involving the facial nerve can lead to facial palsy, for which a common non-invasive treatment approac…
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Intramuscular Distribution of the Abducens Nerve in the Lateral Rectus Muscle for the Management of Strabismus.
[AIMS] To elucidate the intramuscular distribution and branching patterns of the abducens nerve in the lateral rectus (LR) muscle so as to provide anatomical confirmation of the presence of compartmentalization, including for use in clinica…
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Anatomical characteristics of the nasal cartilages for successful rhinoplasty in Koreans.
[BACKGROUNDS] The aims of the present study were to determine the exact level of separation of the upper lateral cartilage from the septal cartilage, and to classify the patterns of connection between the upper lateral cartilage and the low…
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Application of Mini-abdominoplasty after Conservative Excision of Extensive Cesarean Scar Endometriosis.
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, and the standard treatment is extensive surgical excision. Cesarean scar endometriosis is a type of cutaneous endometriosis arising on or…