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Effect of Botulinum Toxin Injection in Hip Adductor Muscles on Gross Motor Function in Low-Functioning Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy.
[PURPOSE] Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections are used to manage spasticity in children with low-functioning cerebral palsy (CP), particularly in cases involving the hip adductor muscles. Despite their widespread use, research on the…
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Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections Impact Hamstring Muscles and Gait Parameters in Children with Flexed Knee Gait.
The aim of this study was to determine if botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection into the medial hamstring can improve gait kinematics and muscle-tendon length in spastic cerebral palsy (CP) with a flexed knee gait (FKG). Twenty-nine chi…
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Neuromuscular structure of the tibialis anterior muscle for functional electrical stimulation.
[PURPOSE] This study describes the nerve entry points and intramuscular nerve branching of the tibialis anterior, providing essential information for therapeutic functional electrical stimulation and botulinum toxin injection. [METHODS] On…
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Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection for Spastic Equinovarus Foot in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: Effects on Gait and Foot Pressure Distribution.
[PURPOSE] To investigate the effect of intramuscular Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection on gait and dynamic foot pressure distribution in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) with dynamic equinovarus foot. [MATERIALS AND METHOD…
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Intramuscular nerve distribution pattern of ankle invertor muscles in human cadaver using sihler stain.
[INTRODUCTION] We sought to the ideal sites for botulinum toxin injection by examining the intramuscular nerve patterns of the ankle invertors. [METHODS] A modified Sihler method was performed on the flexor hallucis longus, tibialis poster…
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Intramuscular nerve distribution of the hamstring muscles: Application to treating spasticity.
The aim of this article is to elucidate the ideal sites for botulinum toxin injection by examining the intramuscular nerve distributions in the hamstring muscles. The hamstring muscles, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus (1…