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Keeping up appearances: Don't frown upon the effects of botulinum toxin injections in facial muscles.
Aesthetic use of low doses of Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections into the facial muscles has become a leading non-surgical aesthetic treatment worldwide to reduce facial wrinkles, including glabellar lines, forehead lines, and periorbital wr…
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Botulinum toxin injections associated with suspected myasthenia gravis: An underappreciated cause of MG-like clinical presentation.
[INTRODUCTION] The application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) is accelerating, and this includes the uncontrolled cosmetic use of the BoNTA. Diffusion of BoNTA can disturb neuromuscular transmission in several surrounding and distant mus…
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Neurophysiological Measures of Efficacy and Safety for Botulinum Toxin Injection in Facial and Bulbar Muscles: Special Considerations.
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections into facial and bulbar muscles are widely and increasingly used as medical treatments for cervical and facial dystonia, facial hemispasm, correction of facial palsy, hyperhidrosis, as well as cosmetic treat…
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Regional diffusion of botulinum toxin in facial muscles: a randomised double-blind study and a consideration for clinical studies with split-face design.
Despite the extensive use of botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) in medical and cosmetic treatments, the potential spreading of BoNTA to surrounding tissues remains unknown. A patient with hemifacial paralysis upon blepharospasm treatment with low do…