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Botulinum Toxin Injection for Treatment of Gastroparesis.
Refractory gastroparesis is among the most difficult therapeutic challenges in gastroenterology. Pyloric dysfunction has been described in a subset of patients with gastroparesis, prompting experimentation with botulinum toxin injections in…
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The 2018 ISDE achalasia guidelines.
Achalasia is a relatively rare primary motor esophageal disorder, characterized by absence of relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter and of peristalsis along the esophageal body. As a result, patients typically present with dysphagia…