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Clinical outcomes of Botox injection according to subgroups of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction: A single institutional retrospective analysis.
The Chicago Classification version 4.0 categorizes esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) into 4 subgroups based on peristalsis patterns. Recent proposals introduce new terminology, grouping EGJOO with distal esophageal spasm …
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Botulinum Toxin Injections and Electrical Stimulation for Spastic Paresis Improve Active Hand Function Following Stroke.
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections improve muscle tone and range of motion (ROM) among stroke patients with upper limb spasticity. However, the efficacy of BTX-A injections for improving active function is unclear. We aimed to determ…