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BoNT Injection into Temporomandibular Joint Alleviates TMJ Pain in Forced Mouth Opening Mouse Model.
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) significantly impairs the quality of life of patients due to chronic pain and limited jaw function. Many treatment options have been used such as pharmacologic management, physical therapy, oral appliance th…
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Quantitative anatomical analysis of facial expression using a 3D motion capture system: Application to cosmetic surgery and facial recognition technology.
The topography of the facial muscles differs between males and females and among individuals of the same gender. To explain the unique expressions that people can make, it is important to define the shapes of the muscle, their associations …
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Morphology of the zygomaticus minor and its relationship with the orbicularis oculi muscle.
The aim of this study was to examine in detail the anatomic variations in the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc) and relationship of the zygomaticus minor muscle (ZMi) with the OOc, thereby providing an anatomic basis for explaining facial anim…