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Comparison of Ultrasound and Electrical Stimulation Guidance for Onabotulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Randomized Crossover Study.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection is an established therapy for limb spasticity and focal limb dystonia. Comparative benefits of injection guidance procedures have not been rigorously studied. [OBJECTIVES] We compared 2 ta…
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Self-reported benefit and weakness after botulinum toxin in dystonia.
With this retrospective, single center, chart review study, we investigate the self-reported benefit and weakness after botulinum toxin injections in three different types of dystonia: focal hand dystonia (FHD), blepharospasm and cervical d…
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Botulinum toxin and occupational therapy for Writer's cramp.
[BACKGROUND] Writer's cramp (WC) is a form of focal hand dystonia, for which focal botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections are the current best therapy. Past studies have shown that some types of rehabilitative therapy can be useful. We hypo…
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Electromyographic and Joint Kinematic Patterns in Runner's Dystonia.
Runner’s dystonia (RD) is a task-specific focal dystonia of the lower limbs that occurs when running. In this retrospective case series, we present surface electromyography (EMG) and joint kinematic data from thirteen patients with RD…
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Longitudinal studies of botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia: Why do patients discontinue therapy?
[BACKGROUND] Numerous studies have established botulinum toxin (BoNT) to be safe and effective for the treatment of cervical dystonia (CD). Despite its well-documented efficacy, there has been growing awareness that a significant proportion…
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Research Priorities in Limb and Task-Specific Dystonias.
Dystonia, which causes intermittent or sustained abnormal postures and movements, can present in a focal or a generalized manner. In the limbs, focal dystonia can occur in either the upper or lower limbs and may be task-specific causing abn…
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Update on the Use of Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Focal and Task-Specific Dystonias.
Focal dystonia is defined by anatomical distribution and represents a distinct entity from generalized dystonia. Task-specific dystonia occurs in the context of specific patterns of movement. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections are the t…