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Combined effects and timing of robotic training and botulinum toxin on upper limb spasticity and motor function: a single‑blinded randomized controlled pilot study.
[BACKGROUND] This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of robotic training (RT) and botulinum toxin (BTX) injections on motor function and spasticity in individuals with post-stroke upper limb spasticity (ULS). We also sought to inv…
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Botulinum Toxin Injection-Site Selection for a Smooth Shoulder Line: An Anatomical Study.
This study aimed to improve the accuracy of manual needle placement into the trapezius (TM) for smooth shoulder line. For macroscopic study 12 TMs and for microscopic study 4 cadavers were detached and then sampled, 1⁎1 cm at the four poin…
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Micrognathia with temporomandibular joint ankylosis and obstructive sleep apnea treated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis using skeletal anchorage: a case report.
[BACKGROUND] We describe the case of a 16-year-old female patient with micrognathia, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis, and obstructive sleep apnea, who was treated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) combined with sliding g…