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Injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of post-laryngectomy pharyngoesophageal spasm-related disorders.
Introduction Pharyngoesophageal spasm (PES) can cause dysphagia, central valve leak (CVL), and dypshonia in post-laryngectomy patients. Botulinum toxin has been used effectively for the treatment of PES, but data regarding patient-reported …