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Can Botulinum Toxin Type E Serve as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Managing Chronic Orofacial Pain?
The existing literature offers limited experimental evidence on the role of botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT-E) in pain transmission. The present study investigated the antinociceptive effects of subcutaneously administered BoNT-E in chron…
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BTX-A inhibited trigeminal neuralgia by blocking the NLRP3 pathway in rats.
Few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying the development of trigeminal neuralgia involving the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3). The purpose of this exp…
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Botulinum toxin type A is a potential therapeutic drug for chronic orofacial pain.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), produced by the gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum, acts by cleaving synaptosome-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25), an essential component of the presynaptic neuronal membrane …
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Dysregulated Smooth Muscle Cell BMPR2-ARRB2 Axis Causes Pulmonary Hypertension.
[OBJECTIVE] Mutations in (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) are associated with familial and sporadic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The functional and molecular link between loss of BMPR2 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cel…
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Differential Regulation of Intracisternally Injected Angiotensin II-Induced Mechanical Allodynia and Thermal Hyperalgesia in Rats.
The present study examined the underlying mechanisms of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by the intracisternal injection of angiotensin (Ang) II. Intracisternal Ang II injection decreased the air puff threshold and head…
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Cellular Mechanisms Mediating the Antinociceptive Effect of Botulinum Toxin A in a Rodent Model of Trigeminal Irritation by a Foreign Body.
Although numerous studies have described botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) efficacy against trigeminal neuralgia (TN), the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. We have investigated cellular mechanisms that mediate the antinociceptive…
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Classification of Mouth Corners in Asian Women.
[BACKGROUND] There is increasing interest in mouth corner lift (MCL), as well as lip augmentation. Procedures for lip corner lifting to create smiling lips include botulinum toxin, injectable filler, and surgery. However, there is no proper…
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Surgical Correction of the Lying Ear Deformities.
[BACKGROUND] In contrast to prominent ear, lying ear can be defined when the antihelix of the ear is excessively folded, i.e., the conchoscaphal angle is much less than 90°. In such case, ears may look smaller than the face. These patients …
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Parotid ductal stenosis after facial cosmetic surgery (2 case reports).
[RATIONALE] Facial cosmetic surgery sometimes causes complications involving surrounding tissues. In particular, parotid damage may cause fibrous tissue formation, ductal stenosis, and obstruct salivary flow. Affected patients usually compl…