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Effectiveness of Ultrasound-guided VS Electrical-stimulation-guided Botulinum Toxin Injections in Triceps Surae Spasticity after Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Study.
[OBJECTIVE] To compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin injections using ultrasound-guidance vs electrical-stimulation-guidance in triceps surae (soleus and gastrocnemius) spasticity after stroke. [DESIGN] A clinical, single-centre, prospec…
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Use of immersive virtual reality for stress reduction during botulinum toxin injection for spasticity (RVTOX): a study protocol of a randomised control trial.
[INTRODUCTION] Botulinum toxin injection is a common way to help reduce spasticity in the body caused by central neurological damage such as cerebral stroke, multiple sclerosis or traumatic brain injury. The pain felt during the injection c…
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Efficacy of two injection-site localisation techniques for botulinum toxin injections: a single-blind, crossover, randomised trial protocol among adults with hemiplegia due to stroke.
[INTRODUCTION] Botulinum toxin injections are an effective treatment for limb spasticity following stroke. Different tracking techniques are used for this purpose: palpation, electrostimulation, electromyography and ultrasound. Yet very few…