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Clinical Algorithm-Guided Approach to Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatment for Axial Postural Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease.
[BACKGROUND] Axial postural abnormalities (APAs) are common, disabling complications of Parkinson's disease (PD) with unclear pathophysiology. The presence of hyperactivity in multiple trunk muscles supports the use of botulinum toxin (BTA)…
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Treatment of axial postural abnormalities in parkinsonism disorders: A systematic review of pharmacological, rehabilitative and surgical interventions.
Axial postural abnormalities (PA) are frequent, highly disabling, and drug-refractory motor complications affecting patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or atypical parkinsonism. Over the past few years, advances have been reached across …
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Botulinum Toxin for Axial Postural Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.
Axial postural abnormalities (APAs), characterized by their frequency, disabling nature, and resistance to pharmacological treatments, significantly impact Parkinson's disease and atypical Parkinsonism patients. Despite advancements in diag…
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Longitudinal Assessment of Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Lateral Trunk Flexion and Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson's Disease: Real-life, Long-Term Study.
Lateral trunk flexion (LTF) and its severe form, called Pisa syndrome (PS), are highly invalidating axial postural abnormalities associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Management strategies for LTF lack strong scientific evidence. We pre…
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Data-driven clustering of combined Functional Motor Disorders based on the Italian registry.
[INTRODUCTION] Functional Motor Disorders (FMDs) represent nosological entities with no clear phenotypic characterization, especially in patients with multiple (combined FMDs) motor manifestations. A data-driven approach using cluster analy…