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Intracortical Circuits in the Contralesional Primary Motor Cortex in Patients With Chronic Stroke After Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection: Case Studies.
Spasticity and motor recovery are both related to neural plasticity after stroke. A balance of activity in the primary motor cortex (M1) in both hemispheres is essential for functional recovery. In this study, we assessed the intracortical …
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Multidimensional evaluation of changes in limb function following botulinum toxin injection in persons with stroke.
[BACKGROUND] There are limited evidence of instrumented measures of gait and balance to determine the functional effects of botulinum toxin injections (BoNT-A) in spasticity after stroke. [OBJECTIVE] To evaluate the functional changes in g…
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Beyond speed: Gait changes after botulinum toxin injections in chronic stroke survivors (a systematic review).
[BACKGROUND] The mechanisms by which spasticity reductions after botulinum toxin A (BoNT) affect gait in stroke are not well understood. We systematically reviewed the effects of BoNT on spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic and electromyograp…