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Gender-Affirming Facial Surgery: Lower Third of the Face.
This article is intended to give the reader an overview of facial gender-affirming procedures applicable to the lower face and neck. A review of facial analysis in the context of masculine versus feminine facial features and the contributio…
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Conscientious Objection to Gender-Affirming Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Plastic Surgery and Urology Residency Programs.
[OBJECTIVE] Medical conscientious objection is a federally protected right of physicians to refuse participation in medically indicated services or research activities that are incompatible with their ethical, moral, or religious beliefs. I…
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Management of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve in Large Sagittal Split Advancements: To Free or Not?
[SUMMARY] The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether neurosensory recovery of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is influenced by its location following sagittal split osteotomy (SSO) in patients undergoing large mandibular movements.…
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Gender-Affirming Surgery of the Mandible: Lower Jaw Feminization and Masculinization.
For patients with gender dysphoria, gender-affirming surgery of the face has been shown to vastly improve quality of life. The mandible is one area of the face that has distinct feminine and masculine presentations. This article will review…
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An Evaluation of Racial Diversity in Craniofacial Surgery Literature.
Implicit bias can lead to discrimination of certain populations within healthcare. Representation in medical literature is no exception and it is hypothesized that images with lighter skin tone are more prevalent than darker skin tones in c…
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Revisiting the unrepaired unilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity using 3D surface image analysis: A data-driven model and its implications.
[BACKGROUND] Current descriptions of the unilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity (uCLND) are based upon limited sample sets and subjective observations. While those descriptions are inconsistent and contradictory, theoretical models, inclu…
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Is It Necessary to Free the Inferior Alveolar Nerve From the Proximal Segment in the Sagittal Split Osteotomy?
[PURPOSE] When the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is contained within the proximal segment after a mandibular sagittal split osteotomy (SSO), conventional teaching is to release the nerve so that it freely enters the distal segment. However,…
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The Low Medial Horizontal Osteotomy in Patients With Atypical Ramus Morphology Undergoing Sagittal Split Osteotomy.
[PURPOSE] Sagittal split osteotomy (SSO) of rami with fused cortices or minimal marrow space above the lingula can increase the risk of an unfavorable osteotomy split of the proximal ramus. To reduce the risk of a proximal segment fracture,…
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Debunking a Surgical Myth: Do Not Touch the Temporalis.
[BACKGROUND] A longstanding dictum exists to avoid surgical manipulation of the temporalis muscle out of concern for an exceedingly high rate of muscle atrophy and recurrent temporal hollowing. The authors challenge this surgical myth, cons…