Carruthers JDA

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) formulations differ mainly in excipients, which determine stability, aggregation, and diffusion. Using multi-scale in silico modelling (AesthetiSIM™), we evaluated excipient substitution across six marke…

[INTRODUCTION] Botulinum Neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) formulations are used worldwide for both aesthetic and therapeutic indications, yet dose conversion between products remains based on empirical ratios that ignore pharmacodynamic variabili…

[INTRODUCTION] Facial aging results from intrinsic biologic decline and extrinsic environmental influences, producing progressive changes in skin structure, collagen integrity, and soft-tissue support. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) is…

[BACKGROUND] Counterfeit Botulinum Toxin A (BoNT-A) poses a growing global threat, particularly in aesthetic medicine where regulatory oversight is minimal and underreporting is widespread. Traditional pharmacovigilance systems such as FAER…

[BACKGROUND] Delayed inflammatory and fibrotic reactions to dermal fillers remain unpredictable, reflecting complex interactions between product composition and host genetics. [OBJECTIVE] To develop and validate a computational framework i…

[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A), derived from Clostridium botulinum , is widely used in medical and aesthetic treatments. Its clinical application extends from managing chronic conditions like cervical dystonia and migraine to reduc…

Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is widely used in both therapeutic and aesthetic settings; however, the formation of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) remains a critical concern, leading to treatment failure. Immunogenic responses are known to vary…

[INTRODUCTION] Aesthetic medicine has evolved towards minimally invasive procedures, with biostimulators like Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA), Calcium Hydroxylapatite (CaHA), and Polycaprolactone (PCL) gaining attention for their role in collagen…

[BACKGROUND] OnabotulinumtoxinA has been licensed for the treatment of upper facial lines for over 20 years. Patient benefits extend well beyond correction of the lines themselves-including positive effects on confidence, self-esteem, feeli…

Anecdotal reports have recently circulated suggesting that intramuscular injection of bacteriostatic saline (BS)-which contains benzyl alcohol (BnOH)-can reverse botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA)-induced brow ptosis. Given the well-established…

While botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is a cornerstone in glabellar wrinkle treatment, inconsistencies in clinical outcomes often stem from formulation-dependent diffusion behaviour. Currently volumes recommendation per site lacks mechanist…

[INTRODUCTION] Glabellar wrinkle patterns, a visible manifestation of facial dynamics and ageing, result from complex interactions between anatomical and functional variables such as muscle interdigitation density, skin elasticity, and subc…

[INTRODUCTION] The aesthetic medicine industry has seen significant growth due to technological advancements and increasing demand for minimally invasive procedures. This sector's influence on educational institutions is profound, often sha…

[BACKGROUND] The global aesthetic medicine industry is expanding rapidly, with conferences serving as crucial platforms for knowledge exchange and collaboration. However, concerns have emerged about the increasing prioritization of commerci…

[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is widely used in treating dystonia and spasticity to managing chronic migraine and cosmetic applications. However, its immunogenic potential presents challenges, such as the development of neutralizi…

[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin A (BTxA) has gained popularity as a nonsurgical aesthetic treatment for skin rejuvenation. However, previous studies on intradermal BTxA have shown inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis …

[PURPOSE] This synaptic systemised review critically examines the provision of aesthetic medical care to LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, intersex, asexual, and more) individuals, assessing both the clini…

[BACKGROUND] Sudden loss of vision secondary to filler treatments is a rare but catastrophic complication. [OBJECTIVES] The aim of this study was to update the published cases of blindness after filler injection that have occurred since we…

[BACKGROUND] The platysma is a superficial muscle involved in important features of the aging neck. Vertical bands, horizontal lines, and loss of lower face contour are effectively treated with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A). However, its pars …