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Botulinum toxin-induced masseter muscle atrophy is associated with impaired autophagic flux without signs of apoptosis in mice.
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injection into the masseter muscle is widely used for clinical and esthetic purposes. Masseter muscle atrophy is a secondary effect of transient neuromuscular blockade induced by BoNTA. While muscle atrophy ha…
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Unilateral Hypofunction of the Masseter Leads to Molecular and 3D Morphometric Signs of Atrophy in Ipsilateral Agonist Masticatory Muscles in Adult Mice.
Mice are commonly used to study mandibular dynamics due to their similarity in chewing cycle patterns with humans. Adult mice treated unilaterally with botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) in the masseter exhibit atrophy of this muscle characteri…