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Botulinum toxin antibody titres: measurement, interpretation, and practical recommendations.
Botulinum toxin (BT) therapy may be blocked by antibodies (BT-AB) resulting in BT-AB induced therapy failure (ABF). BT-AB may be detected by the mouse lethality assay (MLA), the mouse diaphragm assay (MDA) and the sternocleidomastoid test (…
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Management of Spastic Paresis and Cervical Dystonia: Access to Therapeutic Innovations Through an International Program of Practical Courses.
[PURPOSE] Our purpose was to determine satisfaction and confidence of the Ixcellence Network training program on health care practitioners using botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) for neurologic disorders, including spastic paresis and cervical dys…
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Clinical Practice: Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Treatment of Cervical Dystonia with Botulinum Toxin.
Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most frequent form of focal dystonia. Symptoms often result in pain and functional disability. Local injections of botulinum neurotoxin are currently the treatment of choice for CD. Although this treatment has …
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Ixcellence Network®: an international educational network to improve current practice in the management of cervical dystonia or spastic paresis by botulinum toxin injection.
Botulinum toxin is a well-established treatment for a number of conditions involving muscle hyperactivity, such as focal dystonia and spastic paresis. However, current injection practice is not standardized and there is a clear need for str…