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Combination of Medical and Surgical Treatments for Masseter Hypertrophy.
Masseter hypertrophy (MH) is one of the uncommon conditions that swelling can be seen in the angular mandibular region of the face. The etiology of MH includes several factors, and various treatment methods are mentioned in the literature. …
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Ultrastructural evaluation of intramuscular applied botulinum toxin type A in striated muscles of rats.
[BACKGROUND] Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is clinically utilized for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes in maxillofacial surgery as well as many other medical specialties. There is no sufficient ultrastructural research about BTX and it is…
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Maximizing breast projection with combined free nipple graft reduction mammaplasty and back-folded dermaglandular inferior pedicle.
Standard technique for free nipple reduction mammoplasty was described by Thorek in 1922. In contrast to its effectiveness, late postoperative results included insufficient projection of the breast and the nipple-areola region. We describe …
- Skin marking in plastic surgery.
- A rarely seen anomaly: situs inversus-pda microtia.